Rage gurbatar masana'antar bakin karfe

Ƙididdiga: A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar da Majalisar Jiha sun ba da muhimmanci sosai ga rashin ƙarancin fitar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe. A cikin taruruka masu mahimmanci da rahotannin ayyukan gwamnati, an ba da shawarar inganta sauye-sauyen gurɓataccen iska na masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe. "Ra'ayoyi kan Inganta Aiwatar da Ultra-Low Emissions a cikin Iron da Karfe Masana'antu" (Bayan fitowar Huan Taiqi [2019] No. 35), duk yankuna ana buƙatar aiwatar da ultra-low watsi canji na karfe masana'antu. matakai da yankuna. Iyakar fitar da hayaki a cikin "Ra'ayoyin" kuma ana kiranta "mafi tsananin ka'idoji a tarihi" ta masana masana'antu. A karkashin wannan janar halin da ake ciki, ta hanyar combing ta index bukatun ga particulate watsi a cikin daftarin aiki da kuma halin yanzu matsayi na kasata ta kura kau da fasaha, kwatanta abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na babban kura kau da fasaha da high fitarwa a cikin masana'antu, da kuma tattauna zabin. na hanyoyin fasahar kawar da ƙura a ƙarƙashin sababbin buƙatun. Kuma haɓaka ra'ayoyin don tunani ta kamfanonin ƙarfe masu dacewa da kuma taimakawa wajen cin nasara a yaƙi da shuɗiyar sama.
Domin aiwatar da shawarwari da tura kwamitin tsakiya na jam’iyyar da majalisar jiha, a watan Afrilun 2019, Ma’aikatar Muhalli da Muhalli, tare da Hukumar raya kasa da kawo sauyi da ma’aikatar masana’antu da fasahar watsa labarai, tare da fitar da “Ra’ayoyi”. A kan inganta aiwatar da uparancin aikawa a cikin masana'antar mara nauyi a cikin masana'antar "(na gaba da ake magana a kai a matsayin" ra'ayoyin ". "Ra'ayoyin" sun sake ƙarfafa ainihin ƙa'idodin fitar da sinadarai na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin matakai daban-daban na ƙarfe, kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa hayaƙi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana nufin matsananci-ƙananan yayin aiwatarwa. Har ila yau, yana gabatar da buƙatun ci gaba don sauye-sauye masu rahusa a yankuna daban-daban, wanda ke kara inganta kawar da ƙura da fasahar jiyya na masana'antar karfe. Canza Koyaya, a halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun ƙarfe da ƙarfe na cikin gida suna da tsayin daka mai ƙarfi na canza wutar lantarki, tare da matakai masu rikitarwa da yawa. Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari na tsarin samarwa. Haka kuma, ci gaban masana'antun ƙarfe da karafa na cikin gida ba daidai ba ne, kuma ƙarfin samarwa wanda bai dace da ka'idodin kare muhalli ba har yanzu yana da wuya. Don haka, haɓakawa da haɓaka wuraren cire ƙura yana da mahimmanci. Don haka, a karkashin yanayin da ake ciki na manufofin kare muhalli, neman cimma matsananciyar watsi da barbashin kura cikin kankanin lokaci, ko shakka babu shi ne matsala mafi gaggawa da kamfanonin karafa ke fuskanta.
Mirror-Gold1
1. Ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun sarrafa al'amura a cikin canji mai ƙarancin ƙarancin iska
A watan Afrilun 2019, an kaddamar da "Ra'ayoyin" a hukumance, wanda ya haifar da guguwar kare muhalli ta karafa, tare da bayyana cewa masana'antar karafa ta kasa ta gaba daya ta shiga cikin yanayin sauye-sauyen gurbataccen hayaki. Game da abubuwan da ke nuna abubuwan da ke da alaƙa, "Ra'ayoyin" suna buƙatar iskar gas a cikin nau'in hayaki mai tsari, shugaban injin sintering da gas ɗin gasasshen hayaƙi (ciki har da murhu, murhu-rotary kiln, bel roaster), tsarin coke tanda bututun iskar gas, Sauran manyan hanyoyin gurbatawa (ciki har da wutsiya na injin sintering, cajin kwal, bushewar bushewar coke, murhu mai zafi mai zafi, ramukan tanderu da gidajen bututun ƙarfe, pretreatment na ƙarfe mai zafi, iskar gas mai juzu'i, da sauransu) Matsakaicin yawan fitarwa na sa'o'i na abubuwan particulate. ba shi da girma A 10 mg/m3, matsakaicin matsakaicin yawan fitar da sa'a na aƙalla 95% na lokacin kowane wata ya dace da ma'auni; iskar gas yana cikin nau'in da ba a tsara shi ba, kayan isar da abubuwan da ba su da tushe, sintering, pelletizing, ironmaking, coking da sauran hanyoyin murkushe kayan, nunawa, ya kamata a samar da wuraren cire kura don haɗa kayan aiki da yanke yanke. Bugu da kari, "Ra'ayoyin" ya kuma nuna cewa ya kamata kamfanoni su zabi balagagge kuma masu amfani da fasahar canza yanayin kariyar muhalli daidai da yanayin masana'anta, tare da karfafa yin amfani da kayan aikin kawar da ƙura na ci gaba kamar jakar matattara mai ɗaukar hoto da kura masu tara kurar tacewa. , wanda ke nuna jagorar zaɓin fasahar cire ƙura. .
2. Matsayi na yanzu na aikace-aikacen fasahar cire ƙura
Bayan da aka gudanar da bincike kan wasu kamfanoni sama da 20 na karafa da karafa, an gano cewa, kusan dukkan kamfanonin karafa suna amfani da tace buhu mai inganci ko tacewa mai inganci wajen maganin iskar gas mai dauke da kura, sannan wasu hanyoyin da ke samar da jikakken iskar gas na amfani da jika mai dauke da wutar lantarki. Kamfanin ya yi imanin cewa waɗannan matakan da suka balaga suna da mafi kyawun ƙurar ƙura da sharar gida, wanda yake daidai da fasahar cire ƙura da aka ambata a cikin "Ra'ayoyin". Bugu da kari, daidai da yuwuwar fasahar don kula da particulate kwayoyin halitta a shaye gas da aka kayyade a cikin "Technical Specifications for Pollution Permit Application and Issuance", sai dai ga shaye gas samar da zafi mirgina niƙa gama mirgina, da sauran shaye gas. Za a iya bi da nodes masu haɓaka ƙazanta da ƙurar jaka (rufe). Membrane tace abu) da kuma tace harsashi ƙura tsari. Saboda haka, wannan labarin yafi yin nazari akan fa'idodi da rashin amfani da aikace-aikacen jaka da fasahar kawar da kura ta harsashi.
Tacewar jakar ta bayyana a baya kuma an yi amfani da ita a farkon ƙarshen Harkar Yamma. An yi amfani da shi musamman don tace busasshiyar iskar gas mai ƙura mai ƙura mai ƙanƙara. Jakar tace ana yin ta ne da filaye daban-daban (fiber sinadarai ko fiber gilashi) ta hanyar saƙa ko naushin allura, kuma tana amfani da aikin tace fiber ɗin don tace iskar gas mai ɗauke da ƙura. Nau'in ƙura mai tarawa ya bayyana a makare. A cikin 1970s, wasu masu amfani sun bayyana a ƙasashen Yamma. Sun yi imanin cewa irin wannan nau'in mai tara ƙura yana da ƙananan ƙananan girmansa, yana da kyau sosai wajen sarrafa aiki, kuma yana da sauƙin kulawa. Duk da haka, idan ya zama dole don kula da iskar gas mai ƙura tare da ƙarar iska mai girma, tasirin jiyya zai zama mara kyau saboda ƙananan ƙarfin hazo, wanda ke da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin manyan masana'antu na masana'antu, don haka ba a inganta shi sosai ga mutane da yawa. shekaru. Tun daga karni na 21, fasahar kayan duniya ta bunkasa cikin sauri. Wasu kamfanoni na kasashen waje sun yi jagoranci wajen inganta tsari da tace kayan da ake tara kura, inda suka kara karfin gaba daya sau da yawa da zama babban mai tara kura tare da wurin tacewa sama da 2,000 m2.
3. Binciken kwatancen fasahar kawar da ƙura
1. Jakar kura
(1) Aiki ka'idar na jakar tace
Gas mai dauke da kura yana shiga cikin bututun samun iska daga murfin da ake cire kura, sannan idan ya isa wurin, sai injin da aka jawo shi, sannan a yi amfani da jakar tacewa ta fibrous kura wajen cire hayakin da kura tare da taimakon. na nauyi da inertia.
(2) Babban abubuwan da suka shafi aikin tace jakar
Ayyukan tace jakar ya ƙunshi ingantaccen cire ƙura, asarar matsa lamba da rayuwar sabis. Babban abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ingancin cire ƙura da rayuwar sabis na tace jakar sun haɗa da rabon iska-zuwa-tufafi, nau'in kayan tacewa, da zaɓin hanyoyin kawar da ƙura.
Kayan tacewa na jakar tacewa ya samo asali daga filaye na al'ada zuwa filaye masu kyau, sannan zuwa filaye masu siffa na musamman, sannan zuwa tsarin membrane na ePTFE. Filaye na al'ada ba za su iya sarrafa ƙwayoyin ƙura masu kyau ba, don haka wajibi ne a canza tsarin fiber ko amfani da karfi na waje don cimma nasarar sarrafa ƙurar ƙura mai ƙananan ƙananan; ultra-lafiya fiber siffa giciye-section zaruruwa da ya fi girma musamman surface area, haifar da mafi girma filtration yankin, game da shi rage Air-to-tufa rabo; EPTFE membrane na iya tsangwama barbashi kura a saman membrane. A halin yanzu, zaɓin kayan tacewa na membrane don kayan jakar tacewa shine zaɓi tare da ingantaccen cire ƙura.
2. Mai tara kura
Ka'idar aiki na mai tara kurar harsashi mai tacewa: Gas ɗin da ke ɗauke da ƙura yana shiga cikin bututun samun iska ta cikin mai tara ƙura, kuma an shigar da shi cikin akwatin ta hanyar daftarin daftarin da aka jawo daga waje. Saboda akwatin yana da radius da ya fi girma fiye da bututu, iska tana faɗaɗa, kuma manyan barbashi masu nauyi na ƙura suna daidaitawa da nauyi, ƙananan ƙananan ƙurar ƙura suna shiga harsashin tacewa tare da iska, kuma an toshe su ta hanyar tace kashi ta hanyar jerin m effects sa'an nan rabu da iska.
3. Kwatanta fa'ida da rashin amfani na jakar tacewa da tace harsashi
Nau'in jaka mai tara ƙura da matattarar ƙura masu tarawa suna da nasu fa'ida da rashin amfani a tsarin amfani. Lokacin zabar tsarin cire ƙura, ya kamata a yi la'akari sosai ga halin da kamfani ke ciki. An nuna fa'idodi da rashin amfani a cikin Table 1.
Hudu, nazarin yanayin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci mai amfani
Ɗauki tsarin cire ƙura a matsayin misali na tsarin ramin tanderu na ƙungiyar ƙarfe a lardin Hebei a matsayin misali. Da farko dai kamfanin ya yi amfani da matatar jakarsa wajen cire kura daga iskar gas da aka samu a sashin ramin tanderu. Duk da haka, an gano lokacin amfani da cewa zai haifar da rudani saboda yanayin aiki. Matsalar jakar. A lokaci guda, saboda mummunan tasirin cire ƙura na jakar tacewa, fitar da iskar gas na wannan sashe ba zai iya cika buƙatun ƙa'idodin ƙaƙƙarfan watsi ba. Bisa la'akari da yanayin isa ga ma'auni da jarin jari don maye gurbin jakar tacewa, kamfanin ya yanke shawarar canza tsarin kawar da kura tare da maye gurbin jakar jaka tare da tacewa harsashi. Ana nuna sigogi da kwatancen sakamako kafin da bayan canji a cikin Tebura 2.
Dangane da bayanan sa ido kan layi kafin da bayan canji, an rage yawan fitar da iskar gas a cikin wannan sashe sosai, kuma yana iya daidaitawa tsakanin 10 mg/m3, yana biyan buƙatun ƙa'idodin ƙaƙƙarfan watsi. Idan aka kwatanta da kafin canji, bayan yin amfani da mai tattara ƙura na harsashi na tacewa, ana guje wa matsalar sauƙaƙan lalacewa da zubewar jakar tacewa, asali ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci ba tare da kulawa ba, koda kuwa an cire harsashin tacewa an maye gurbinsu. yana da dacewa sosai, kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin iyakataccen sarari. Yankin tacewa mai tasiri yana raguwa, bambancin matsa lamba kaɗan ne, kuma tasirin cire ƙura yana da kwanciyar hankali. Amma bayan maye gurbin tace harsashi kura tara, akwai kuma wasu shortcomings.
Ta hanyar sadarwa tare da ma'aikatan cikin gida na kamfanin, marubucin ya koyi cewa kayan aiki bayan sauye-sauye sun fi rikitarwa fiye da baya, kuma kamfanin yana buƙatar samun babban matakin aikawa da kayan aiki, shigarwa da kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin mai tara ƙura na harsashi don busassun ƙura ba shi da kyau kamar yadda ake tsammani, kuma ba shi da ingantaccen cire ƙura ga kowane nau'in ƙura. Idan kuna son yin amfani da shi ga duk matakai, har yanzu yana buƙatar yin zurfin bincike da haɓakawa. Gabaɗaya, a ƙarƙashin yanayin kariyar muhalli mai tsanani, bisa la'akari da yarda da muhalli, tasirin maye gurbin yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Biyar, shawarwarin taƙaitawa
1. Shawarwari don zaɓin tsari
A halin yanzu, ba tare da la'akari da cire ƙurar rigar ba, mafi kyawun zaɓi na fasahar kawar da ƙura a cikin yanayin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙura ya kamata ya zama mai tara ƙura da jakar tacewa. Nau'o'i biyu na masu tara ƙura suna da nasu amfani da rashin amfani. Don sauye-sauyen gurɓataccen ɓarna na masana'antar ƙarfe, ana ba da shawarar cewa kamfanoni za su iya zaɓar fasahar kawar da ƙura bisa ga ainihin yanayi da bukatunsu. Idan asali jakar kura kau tsari har yanzu kasa cimma barga watsi matsayin, mataki na farko na iya zama la'akari da maye gurbin PTFE microporous membrane da matsananci-lafiya fiber surface Layer gradient tace abu. Na biyu, yi la'akari da maye gurbin tsarin cire ƙura ta harsashi don kammala sauye-sauyen raƙuman ƙura da cimma daidaitaccen fitarwa.
2. Shawarwari na ƙirar injiniya
Don taimakawa kamfanoni su cika buƙatun da suka dace na "Ra'ayoyin" da kuma samar da nassoshi don ƙirar injiniya da gine-gine, a cikin Janairu 2020, Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Kare Muhalli ta kasar Sin ta ba da "Sharuɗɗa na fasaha don sake gina masana'antar ƙarfe da karafa" A cikin abin da babban inganci jakar cire ƙurar ƙura da tacewa Tsarin cire ƙurar ganga yana ba da shawarar jerin ƙimar ma'auni na fasaha, kuma ana ba da shawarar cewa kamfanoni na iya koma zuwa gare su a cikin aiwatar da sauye-sauyen ƙarancin ƙima dangane da ainihin yanayin su. . Ɗaukar matatar jakar a matsayin misali, ana ba da shawarar cewa lokacin da kamfani ke yin kwangila, ya kamata a tsara saurin iskar ta don zama ƙasa da 0.8 m / min. Gudun iskar tace anan yakamata ya zama cikakken saurin iska mai tacewa. Cikakken saurin iskar tacewa shine saurin iskar tacewa a ka'ida. Lokacin da mai tara ƙura a waje yana tsaftace ƙurar, ɗayan kwandon zai rufe kuma ainihin saurin iskar tacewa zai ƙaru. Wannan kuma shine lokacin da iskar gas ta fi dacewa ta wuce misali, don haka abin da ake buƙata shine cikakken saurin iska mai tacewa; Ana ba da shawarar cewa an tsara mai tara ƙura tare da mai ɓoye don sarrafa rarrabawar iska. Idan ba'a zaɓi mai cirewa ba, jakar tacewa ko harsashin tacewa za'a wanke ta hanyar iskar kuma ta rage rayuwar sabis.
"Blue Sky Tsaro" ya shiga mataki na karshe na magance matsaloli masu tsanani. A matsayin babban filin yaƙi don rigakafi da sarrafa gurɓataccen iska, masana'antar ƙarfe na da mahimmanci don sauyi mai ƙarancin ƙarancin iska. Kamfanonin ƙarfe da ƙarfe dole ne su ba da amsa sosai, su fayyace ra'ayoyin kula da gurɓataccen muhalli, da haɓaka haɓaka ingancin muhalli da haɓaka canjin masana'antu.